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U.S. Launches New Wave of Strikes on Iran

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Marjorie Taylor Greene joins The Source as the United States has resumed strikes on multiple targets in Iran. 

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​The Source with Kaitlan Collins

Understanding the Environmental Impacts of Artificial Intelligence – Ithaka S+R

June 9, 2026

Introducing a New LibGuide

By Claire Baytas

As colleges and universities increase their adoption of artificial intelligence, and particularly generative AI, there is a parallel, rising need for AI literacy instruction. Since librarians are experts in information literacy and technology, they are often on the frontlines of providing training in AI literacy. Indeed, this is reflected in Ithaka S+R’s recently published 2025 US Library Survey, where academic library leaders were asked what they anticipate the most significant impacts of AI will be on their libraries. The most common answer, selected by 83 percent of respondents, was increased demand for AI literacy instruction.

Dominant frameworks for AI literacy usually focus on the foundational knowledge learners need to employ AI and understand how it works. The ethical and social implications of AI —including AI’s environmental impacts— are also often included among learner competencies. Librarians, faculty, students, and others across higher education are increasingly and understandably concerned about how widespread adoption of generative AI tools is affecting the climate and the planet broadly speaking. In order for the higher education community to make informed choices about AI tools, AI literacy curricula must address these pressing environmental dimensions of the technology.


Today, we are publishing a LibGuide focused on the Environmental Impacts of AI, as a part of our Incorporating Environmental Perspectives into AI Literacy project, funded by the Mellon Foundation. The LibGuide’s objective is to help users attain a baseline understanding of the varied environmental consequences behind AI technology. The LibGuide’s articles, reports, podcasts, videos, data trackers, and other types of resources address environmental impacts throughout the AI lifecycle. These include energy and water use, emissions, mining, hardware construction, and e-waste, as well as resources about data centers and their effects. The guide also links to research on how AI could be developed more sustainably, tools that track AI’s environmental footprint, policy recommendations, and more.

The LibGuide intends to offer librarians, instructors, and others within the higher education community a gateway for learning more about how AI development and use are impacting the environment. By providing a set of resources that can be inserted within broader AI literacy training, the LibGuide makes it easier for those teaching or learning about AI to include content about AI and the environment. The LibGuide can serve as a launch pad for further research into specific aspects of AI’s environmental impacts, building from the baseline of resources it provides.

The materials in the LibGuide reveal that researchers still do not have a full grasp of AI’s environmental impacts, and opinions vary on how to think about and act on information available to date. Research in this area is evolving rapidly, and estimates from different sources—whether for measurements of emissions, water or energy use, or other impacts—do not always align with each other.

Major technology companies are also not always transparent about resource use and other environmental impacts. Despite these challenges, the resources included in the LibGuide document what we do know about the impacts of widespread AI adoption on the planet.

We are deeply thankful to the four members of our project’s advisory committee who are offering us guidance and feedback on our work. Below, each of these advisors recommends a resource or two from the LibGuide and explains why the resource is important.

Beth Filar Williams, user experience research librarian, Oregon State University Library

If you’re looking for a resource to learn the basics of AI and its environmental impacts, this primer is a great place to start. It covers, in simple language, the energy and water usage, mineral extraction, and GHG emissions related to AI and data centers. It also shares basic information on the lack of transparency disclosures from large AI companies, regulation and policy of various countries, and has a useful glossary of terms along with many cited resources.

Dr. Luccioni, one of the main authors of this primer, is a leading researcher on this topic, making this resource well vetted. If you prefer to listen than read, also consider her 10 minute TED talk that covers the basics but also how we could do it right by considering smaller focused language models than these few huge LLMs which use an incredible amount of resources and are operated by just a handful of companies.

Chris Rabe, program lead, Universal Climate, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Open Learning; Education Program Director, MIT Climate Project

Most new resources on AI rightly focus on the extreme energy and water demands of the data centers that run it. What often gets lost is the labyrinth of material infrastructure at global scales that powers all of computing. In the MIT Case Study The Cloud Is Material: On the Environmental Impacts of Computation and Data Storage, Steven Gonzalez Monserrate uses ethnographic research, personal photography, and a figurative style to “materialize the immaterial” and show that the “cloud” is nothing like a cloud. It is a global infrastructure dependent on rare mineral extraction, undersea fiber optic cables, millions of data servers, vast cooling systems, and endless piles of e-waste.

Reading it is essential for understanding the material consequences of AI, and a powerful reminder that every prompt and query has a physical footprint shaping ecosystems, communities, and economies worldwide.

Eira Tansey, founder and manager of Memory Rising

When engaging with resources to understand the environmental impacts of artificial intelligence, grasping the math and scale around the resource demands can be difficult. This MIT Technology Review, We did the math on AI’s energy footprint. Here’s the story you haven’t heard, is one of my favorites I’ve encountered so far for understanding the interactions between data centers and the electrical grid. For visual learners, this essay is both informative and an accessible resource to add to instruction materials.

It’s important to understand the underlying grid concerns that AI is exacerbating. This is where the International Energy Agency (IEA)’s 2025 report Energy and AI is particularly helpful. Different countries around the world have varying forms of clean energy adoption. Unfortunately the United States (where many of the major data centers are currently located with more being built) is behind much of the rest of the world when it comes to renewable energy transition. According to the IEA, “In the United States, data centres account for nearly half of electricity demand growth between now and 2030” (p. 14). This report, and others from the IEA, are important to contextualize the development and adoption of AI within the global energy landscape.

Sarah Tribelhorn, sciences and sustainability librarian, San Diego State University

One standout tool featured in the guide’s “Trackers & Tools” section is EcoLogits. This open-source tool, developed by CodeCarbon, is specifically designed to estimate the energy consumption and environmental footprint of generative AI models. Unlike general trackers, it provides precise estimates for the resource-intensive process of using large-scale models, including electricity, carbon footprint, water, metals and minerals, and fossil fuels. By utilizing EcoLogits, developers and researchers can gain a data-driven understanding of their digital footprint across the AI life cycle. As we move forward, adopting tools like these is a vital step for any organization aiming to balance technological innovation with long-term planetary sustainability.

For more information about our Incorporating Environmental Perspectives into AI Literacy project, please reach out to Claire Baytas (claire.baytas@ithaka.org).

Topics:

Generative AI, Libraries

Tags:

Academic libraries, AI literacy, Generative AI

Continue/Read Original Article: Understanding the Environmental Impacts of Artificial Intelligence – Ithaka S+R

Hemingway, Neighbor and Friend, Part I – The Hemingway Review (THR) Blog

By Alfredo A. Ballester

Part of my childhood education took place at Santana School, located in the town of San Francisco de Paula, Havana, Cuba.

Like many boys from the neighborhood, I used to wander into the nearby estates looking for fruit.

Alfredo A. Ballester as a child in Cuba
Alfredo A. Ballester as a child in Cuba (photograph courtesy of Alfredo A. Ballester

One day, several friends invited me to go eat mangoes at “the American’s” estate, without imagining what would happen. We sneaked past the workers and climbed some of the mango trees.

Suddenly, we saw an old man approaching us. He had white hair and a white beard and carried a long stick in one hand, waving it while shouting things we could not understand. His voice grew louder and more aggressive, and it seemed like he wanted to hit us. I became so frightened that I felt something warm running down my leg all the way to my shoe.

I was not bleeding.

I had wet myself from fear.

This happened at Finca Vigía, and years later we learned that the old man was Hemingway.

Eventually we climbed down from the trees. By then he had calmed down, and we began to understand what he was saying. His conclusion was simple:  “Anyone who wants to eat mangoes from my estate must come through the front gate. No throwing stones. No climbing the trees.”

Some time later, after several other encounters, a friendship had developed between us and “the American.” One day he was even angrier than when he first caught us in the trees. A neighbor had ordered his dogs to attack one of Hemingway’s cats after it supposedly crossed onto his property. The cat was killed.

So “the American” came up with the idea of forming a guerrilla group — and we became part of it — to attack the neighbor’s house with stones.

And that is exactly what we did.

The neighborhood boys were thrilled. We launched the attack almost immediately. The neighbor quickly called the police, and we hid behind tall cane plants while “the American” argued with the officers and protected us by driving them off the property.

As the friendship grew, Hemingway even allowed us inside the house to show us fishing photographs and stuffed animals he kept as trophies.

He never spoke to us about literature.

I remember once asking permission to use the bathroom, and he asked whether I needed to pee or take a shit — using vulgar Cuban slang perfectly. Then he joked that I was always peeing myself.

We were allowed to enter the estate whenever we wanted, though not the house itself. We were privileged. While Hollywood stars like Gary Cooper or Errol Flynn had to schedule appointments to see “the American,” we simply opened the gate and walked in.

                                                                           To be continued . . . 

Alfredo A. Ballester is the author of Ernest Hemingway and the Neighborhood Boys, a book in which he recounts  his personal experiences with “the American”—the celebrated American writer Ernest Hemingway—at Finca Vigía in Havana, Cuba. Born in Cuba, Ballester now lives in Miami, Florida.  He presented an earlier version of this blog post in Spanish, with an accompanying English translation, at the Florida Hemingway Society Virtual Conference on May 30, 2026.

Alfredo A. Ballester 06/09/2026

See Also: https://drwebdomain.blog/2026/06/16/hemingway-neighbor-and-friend-part-ii-the-hemingway-society/

Works Cited Entry

Ballester, Alfredo A. “Hemingway, Neighbor and Friend, Part I.” THR Blog, The Hemingway Society, 9 June 2026, http://www.hemingwaysociety.org/hemingway-neighbor-and-friend-part-i.

More Perfect and Urban Libraries Council (ULC) Select Eight Public Libraries Selected for Local News Partnership Project

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From an Urban Libraries Council Announcement:

Today, More Perfect, an American alliance dedicated to revitalizing democracy, and the Urban Libraries Council (ULC), an organization dedicated to strengthening libraries as dynamic civic institutions, announced that eight ULC members have been selected for a national pilot program to connect public libraries to local news organizations.

The program puts community members at the center of local journalism, creating opportunities for residents to shape the stories and information in their communities. The goal is for the eight libraries to develop replicable models for libraries to collaborate with local news.

The participating public libraries are:

  • Alameda County Library (CA)
  • Allen County Public Library (IN)
  • Anne Arundel County Public Library (MD)
  • Clayton County Library System (GA)
  • Kalamazoo Public Library (MI)
  • Pima County Public Library (AZ)
  • Sacramento Public Library (CA)
  • Saint Paul Public Library (MN)

The partnership between More Perfect and ULC works to leverage public libraries’ role as one of the most trusted, low-barrier, and welcoming civic spaces in American life to foster community engagement and well-being. Each library will participate in trainings and peer problem-solving focused on increasing access to and trust in reliable local information, strengthening community voices and narratives in local storytelling, and supporting civic dialogue.

“Libraries and newsrooms share a central civic function: helping residents understand their communities, navigate public systems, and participate in local democracy,” said Shamichael Hallman, Senior Director of Civic Health and Economic Opportunity at the Urban Libraries Council. “This pilot program teams local libraries and newsrooms to put residents at the center of local news, giving them a voice in the stories that affect their lives and communities. By combining library resources with newsroom expertise, we are creating a model for community-driven local news that can be replicated nationwide.”

“Public libraries and local newsrooms are two vital pillars of civic life, and we are proud of the progress this program has already made in bringing them together,” said John Bridgeland, Founder and CEO of More Perfect. “By connecting these eight libraries with local news organizations, we are ensuring that civic leaders become active shapers of the stories that define their communities. We believe this model will serve as a blueprint for renewing civic life across the nation.”

Brooks Rainwater, President & CEO of the Urban Libraries Council, added, “This initiative demonstrates the transformative power of libraries as civic conveners. By connecting libraries with local newsrooms and supporting collaborative, community-driven journalism, we are equipping residents with the tools to engage meaningfully in their communities, combat misinformation, and build stronger, more informed neighborhoods. We are excited with the diversity of ULC members featured, and proud to partner with More Perfect to pilot this innovative approach to civic engagement.”

Notably, the work will be advised by two veterans of the news industry, Samantha Ragland, Senior Vice President at American Press Institute, an experienced journalist, educator and digital strategist with more than fourteen years of experience including at USA Today, and Terry Parris, Jr., a John S. Knight Journalism Fellow and founder of the Library Newsroom Project with over 15 years of experience creating innovative, community-driven storytelling initiatives, including as Public Square editor for Headway, an initiative of the New York Times.

The post More Perfect and Urban Libraries Council (ULC) Select Eight Public Libraries Selected for Local News Partnership Project appeared first on Library Journal infoDOCKET.

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Manhattan Project physicist Richard Feynman’s forgotten notes on ‘the restaurant problem’ deciphered after 50 years – Live Science

  1. Physics & Mathematics

Physicist Richard Feynman’s forgotten notes on ‘the restaurant problem’ finally deciphered after 50 years

Researchers cracked a 50-year-old math problem scribbled by Richard Feynman over lunch. The equations show that humans are better decision-makers than scientists once thought.

Larissa G. Capella's avatar

By Larissa G. Capella, published yesterday, in News

A portrait of Richard Feynman inset in a colorful illustration of a plate and fork
Manhattan Project physicist Richard Feynman (photographed in 1954, inset) couldn’t get through lunch with his friend without trying to optimize their orders with math. Now, researchers have finally deciphered his long-illegible “restaurant problem”. (Image credit: Getty)

It started with a plate of ginger chicken. In the late 1970s, physicist Richard Feynman — best known for his earlier work on the Manhattan Project — sat down for lunch with his friend Ralph Leighton at a restaurant in Glendale, California. Leighton was agonizing over ordering his usual favorite, or risking something new.

Feynman turned the choice into a math problem, and solved it on a piece of notebook paper. His equation showed exactly when Leighton — or any indecisive diner, for that matter — should stop taking risks and stick with what one knows is good.

For decades, Feynman’s notes on the “restaurant problem” were unreadable. But now, researchers reconstructed a decision-making problem from Richard Feynman’s previously undeciphered notes and proved him to be right. The findings were published on June 1 in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The problem with picking lunch

Imagine you’re visiting a new city for a week. Each night, you can either try an unknown restaurant or return to the best one you’ve already found. You want to maximize your total dining experience over the whole trip.

That kind of problem has a name in mathematics: an “optimal stopping problem.” The same logic shows up in apartment hunting and job searching. But Feynman argued you can always go back to a previous restaurant. The goal is to maximize your cumulative enjoyment, not just find the single best spot. You may like

    A page of Feynman’s handwritten notes on the Restaurant Problem.
    A page of Feynman’s handwritten notes on the Restaurant Problem.

    Feynman’s notes showed that the optimal strategy involves a quality threshold — a minimum score you require before committing — that starts high and drops as your trip runs out.

    Brian Christian, a computer scientist and cognitive scientist at University of Oxford, began working on the problem about 13 years ago alongside his collaborator Tom Griffiths. They tracked down Feynman’s original notes through the Feynman Lectures website.

    Continue/Read Original Article: Manhattan Project physicist Richard Feynman’s forgotten notes on ‘the restaurant problem’ deciphered after 50 years | Live Science

    ‘Disclosure Day’ is Spielberg’s best film in over 20 years – SF Gate

    Filmmaker shaking hands with a glowing blue alien surrounded by two smaller aliens and a large glowing spaceship in the sky
    A filmmaker meets glowing alien figures amid a scenic twilight setting with a spaceship overhead. AI image by WP AI. (Just for fun!)

    Culture

    ‘Disclosure Day’ is Spielberg’s best film in over 20 years

    Tommy Martinez, Emily Blunt and Josh O’Connor in “Disclosure Day.”
    Tommy Martinez, Emily Blunt and Josh O’Connor in “Disclosure Day.”Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment

    By Drew Magary, Columnist, June 9, 2026

    I put a question to my SFGATE colleagues just the other day that had them mulling for a bit: What’s the last great movie that Steven Spielberg directed? I’m not talking about a merely good film. The old man can put together a competent picture anytime he likes. I’m talking about an all-timer of a Spielberg movie, something that belongs up there with his best work, which includes “Jaws,” “Raiders of the Lost Ark,” “E.T.,” “Schindler’s List” and … you get the idea.

    When you’re a director who’s made not just one of the greatest movies of all time but several of them, audience members like me hope for (and oftentimes expect) greatness from you with every subsequent project. Such is the standard that Spielberg, father of the modern blockbuster, set for himself. It’s also a standard that, in my opinion, he has not reached since the release of “Catch Me If You Can,” his note-perfect caper film, back in 2002. The bulk of my colleagues agreed, which led to a much more pointed question: Is Steven Spielberg washed?

    With the release this week of his latest movie, “Disclosure Day,” I can now tell you, the reader, that the answer is no. Steven Spielberg, much to my relief, is still very much Steven Spielberg. This is the best film he’s made in nearly a quarter century. I have no idea if it’ll ascend to the status of an enduring classic — only time gets to decide that—but goddamn, what a movie.



    If you’re unfamiliar with the premise of “Disclosure Day,” perhaps because it has a clunky title that reminds viewers like me of that one time Demi Moore sexually harassed Michael Douglas, I can get you situated real quick (and relatively spoiler-free). Steven Spielberg has made another movie about extraterrestrials. That’s really all you need to know, isn’t it?

    You know that Spielberg is in his element when he’s spinning a yarn about little green men from outer space. It’s a subject that aligns perfectly with his directorial sensibilities: the wonder of the unknown, the idea that we are not alone, kids who have serious daddy issues, things of that nature. So long as you’re not watching “Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull,” you know that your alien story is in good hands with this man.

    This time around, our story is about Daniel Kellner (rising star Josh O’Connor), a pencil-pusher at a shadowy defense corporation who opens the film having stolen a precious MacGuffin, among other things, from his boss Noah Scanlon (Colin Firth). You know what big meanies the men in suits are in a Spielberg flick. Firth, operating at peak Colin Firth, plays his character no different. Scanlon wants his MacGuffin back and sends out a legion of underlings in black cars to capture Kellner and blow stuff up real good.

    Read more: ‘Disclosure Day’ is Spielberg’s best film in over 20 years – SF Gate

    Continue/Read Original Article: ‘Disclosure Day’ is Spielberg’s best film in over 20 years

    The Iran War’s Devastating Butterfly Effect

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    The war in Iran has had some visible consequences, like skyrocketing energy costs and higher gas prices, but the effects of this war are often far less obvious and much more serious for the world’s most vulnerable people.
    Today, Peter S. Goodman tells us what he learned on a recent trip to Somalia, and why the system of global aid is no longer in a position to help.
    Guest: Peter S. Goodman covers the global economy for The New York Times.
    Background reading: Catastrophe is emerging in the world’s most vulnerable places as the war in Iran causes soaring costs for food, fuel and fertilizer.
    Photo: Finbarr O’Reilly for The New York Times
    For more information on today’s episode, visit nytimes.com/thedaily. Transcripts of each episode will be made available by the next workday. 
    Subscribe today at nytimes.com/podcasts or on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. You can also subscribe via your favorite podcast app here https://www.nytimes.com/activate-access/audio?source=podcatcher. For more podcasts and narrated articles, download The New York Times app at nytimes.com/app. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.  Read original article: Read More

    4 At-Home Summer Literacy Strategies

    As summer approaches, families may be searching for ways to support literacy development at home. Last month, I wrote about how to speak with caregivers about literacy. In that post, I mentioned the importance of empowering families by offering a few practical suggestions that are easy to infuse into daily routines. Below are 4 simple strategies you can share that align with key literacy concepts. These strategies all follow Science of Reading principles. In addition to sharing with families, you can also use these strategies into your own programming to build literacy skills with patrons!  Go on a Sound Scavenger Hunt While on a walk outside or on line at the store, ask your child to look for objects that start with certain sounds. For example, how many things can we find that start with the /b/ sound? This is practicing phonemic awareness, which is the ability to identify, hear,…
    The post 4 At-Home Summer Literacy Strategies appeared first on ALSC Blog.  Read original article: Read More