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Did Viking 1 find life on Mars 50 years ago? Here’s why the debate continues – Space

Did Viking 1 find life on Mars 50 years ago? Here’s why the debate continues
Published yesterday
“Viking more likely than not found autotrophic microbial life on Mars, roughly 1,000 cells per gram.”

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In looking back and commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Viking missions to Mars, one is struck by the bold and audacious undertaking.
Twin spacecraft missions — each consisting of a lander and an orbiter — made their way to Mars and into the history books. The Viking 1 lander planted its legs on the terrain of Chryse Planitia 50 years ago today, on July 20, 1976, while its Viking 2 counterpart touched down at Utopia Planitia on Sept. 3 of that year.
Among their duties, the dual landers scooped up the first soil samples of Mars and deposited those precious collectibles into onboard, specialized equipment. Viking scientists had designed that gear to help answer an intriguing question: Is there life on Mars?

One of Viking’s instruments was a GCMS, a combination of a gas chromatograph (GC) and a mass spectrometer (MS). A positive GCMS detection could confirm the possibility that organics needed for the origin of life as we know it were present.
After interpreting all the data and information gleaned from ingested Martian soil, most scientists at the time concluded that Viking relayed a “no life on Mars” result. You may like
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But is it possible that the two robots actually radioed back a very clear comeback: “Can you repeat the question?”
Different techniques
Ben Clark was a member of the Viking science team, and the instrument he designed made the first-ever measurements of the chemical composition of Mars soil. He is now a senior research scientist at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colorado.
“There were three life-detection experiments, each using different techniques to probe whether they could stimulate biological activity in the soil by adding various selected nutrients,” Clark told Space.com. “Two were generally negative in their findings, but a third experiment had an expected strong response when it added nutrient.”
Indeed, astrobiologist/inventor Gilbert Levin remained convinced that his Viking microbial detection instrument, called the Labeled Release experiment, did find living microorganisms in the soil of Mars. He held tight to that view until he passed in July 2021 at the age of 97.
Skeptical scientists
Clark recalled that many members of the scientific community were skeptical when geochemists pointed out that certain minerals can cause a similar response.
Source: Did Viking 1 find life on Mars 50 years ago? Here’s why the debate continues | Space
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CFP: EBSCO User Group (Phoenix, Arizona May 25-27, 2027)
Where Your Ideas ShineBuilding a brighter library communitySheraton Grand at Wild Horse Pass Phoenix, AZ May 25-27Discover how academic libraries across North America are solving challenges, exploring new technologies and supporting their communities through peer-led sessions, networking opportunities and conversations with EBSCO experts.CFP URL: https://ebscousergroup.org/submit-a-session/Before You SubmitPlease review the information below before submitting your proposal. Then, click the button at the bottom to enter the submission portal.Proposal Deadline: October 30.Who should submit?We welcome proposals from academic librarians and library staff who are using EBSCO products, services or content to support teaching, learning and research at their institutions. You do not need to have a large-scale project, polished case study or formal presentation background to submit. Some of the most valuable User Group sessions come from practical, everyday work: solving a workflow challenge, improving discovery, promoting a database, evaluating usage, supporting faculty, testing a new approach or learning from something that did not go exactly as planned. We encourage proposals from a range of library roles, including subject librarians, systems and electronic resources librarians, collection development teams, instruction and outreach librarians, administrators and anyone involved in connecting users with library resources.Session FormatsSessions are held in one of three formats:Standard Presentation – 40-minute presentation + 10-minute Q&A (1-2 speakers)Panel Presentation – 40-minute presentation or discussion + 10-minute Q&A (3-4 speakers)Innovation Session – 10-minute presentation + open Q&A, lightning round formatSession PathwaysTo help you shape your proposal, we invite submissions in the following session pathways. These are not formal agenda tracks, and proposals may fit more than one area. Research Journey and User ExperienceThis area focuses on evaluating and improving user workflows through optimization and integration of tools and services. It includes:Improving the research experienceConfiguring discovery toolsIntegrating new tools into existing servicesReducing friction in access or authenticationUnderstanding user behaviorApplying usability findingsCollections, Content and Database StrategyThis area focuses on identifying, analyzing, and sharing use cases around library content and collection development. It includes:Database evaluationSubject-specific resource use casesCollection development strategyFaculty engagementContent gaps and emerging needsManaging renewals, cancellations or budget pressureConnecting users with high-value contentAI, Innovation and Emerging TechnologyThis area focuses on use cases and expectations for newer and emerging technology. It includes:AI in library servicesLinked dataAutomationNew service modelsEmerging student or faculty expectationsResponsible technology adoptionPilots, experiments and lessons learnedImplementation, Migration and Change ManagementThis area focuses on practical tips and storytelling related to new product or service adoption and internal stakeholder input. It includes:Product migrations and new platform rolloutsInternal trainingStakeholder communicationLaunch planningTroubleshootingStaff adoptionLessons learned after go-liveAnalytics, Assessment and Demonstrating ValueThis area focuses on how libraries can demonstrate value through off-the-shelf reporting strategies or more creative approaches to analysis. It includes:Usage reportingAssessment strategyDashboardingROI and value conversationsStudent or faculty engagement metricsCommunicating impact to campus stakeholdersTeaching, Outreach and Campus EngagementThis area focuses on maximizing engagement with students, faculty, and other communities served by the library. It includes:Information literacyFaculty partnershipsStudent outreach effortsDatabase instructionSupporting specific disciplinesResearch consultationsBuilding awareness of tools or collectionsWhat makes a strong proposal?Strong proposals often focus on one or more of the following angles:A practical workflow others can adaptA challenge your team solved or is still working throughA decision-making process that helped your library move forwardA pilot, experiment or early lesson learnedA content, tool or service strategy that improved user engagementA collaboration between library teams, campus partners or vendorsA before-and-after look at a configuration, implementation or outreach effort Read original article: Read More
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